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Buffalo, SD Profile: Facts & Data

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Buffalo, South Dakota - Basic Facts

The Town of Buffalo had a population of 343 as of July 1, 2025.

The primary coordinate point for Buffalo is located at latitude 45.5842 and longitude -103.546 in Harding County. The formal boundaries for the Town of Buffalo encompass a land area of 0.55 sq. miles and a water area of 0 sq. miles. Harding County is in the Mountain time zone (GMT -7).

The Town of Buffalo has a C5 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that is independent of any county subdivision and serves as a county subdivision equivalent. It also has a Functional Status Code of "A" which identifies an active government providing primary general-purpose functions.


Jump to... (On This Page!)
  1. Buffalo 2025 Demographic Data
  2. Growth Rates for Buffalo (Historical & 5-Year Forecast)
  3. Peer Comparisons (Rank and Percentile)
  1. Neighborhoods Demographics (Home Values, Household Income, etc.)
  2. South Dakota Research Tools (Easy Tools & Current Data)
  3. South Dakota Data Comparison Tool - 2025 Demographics
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Buffalo, SD Data & Demographics (As of July 1, 2025)

POPULATION

Total Population 343 (100%)
Population in Households 343 (100.0%)
Population in Families 258 (75.2%)
Population in Group Quarters1 0
Population Density 620
Diversity Index2 25
 
 

INCOME

Median Household Income $70,491
Average Household Income $96,456
% of Income for Mortgage4 15%
Per Capita Income $44,431
Wealth Index5 82
Socioeconomic Status Index6 Moderate (55.4)
 

HOUSING

Total HU (Housing Units) 219 (100%)
Owner Occupied HU 122 (55.7%)
Renter Occupied HU 36 (16.4%)
Vacant Housing Units 61 (27.9%)
Median Home Value $166,667
Average Home Value $247,787
Housing Affordability Index3 149
 

HOUSEHOLDS

Total Households 158
Average Household Size 2.17
Family Households 89
Average Family Size 3.00
NOTES
  1. Group Quarters - a place where people live or stay in a group living arrangement. Includes college residents halls, nursing facilities, military barracks, and correctional facilities.
  2. The Diversity Index is a scale of 0 to 100 that represents the likelihood that two persons, chosen at random from the same area, belong to different races or ethnic groups. If an area's entire population belongs to one race AND one ethnic group, then the area has zero diversity. An area's diversity index increases to 100 when the population is evenly divided into two or more race/ethnic groups.
  3. The Housing Affordability Index base is 100 and represents a balance point where a resident with a median household income can normally qualify to purchase a median price home. Values above 100 indicate increased affordability, while values below 100 indicate decreased affordability.
  4. The % of Income for Mortgage quantifies the percentage of median household income dedicated to mortgage payments on a home priced at the median value (assuming a 30-year mortgage and a 20% down payment).
  5. The Wealth Index is based on a number of indicators of affluence including average household income and average net worth, but it also includes the value of material possessions and resources. It represents the wealth of the area relative to the national level. Values above or below 100 represent above-average wealth or below-average wealth compared to the national level.
  6. The Socioeconomic Index ranges from zero (lowest relative status) to 100 (highest relative status). This measure quantifies disparities in social position of an area's inhabitants and is built from a broad range of demographic, housing, and socioeconomic inputs. More information on this measure can be found in Esri's SEI tutorial.

GROWTH RATE / YEAR

 2020-2025 2025-2030
Population -0.17% 0.00%
Households 0.74% 0.25%
Families   3.16%
Median Household Income   2.24%
Per Capita Income   1.73%
Owner Occupied HU   0.96%

Buffalo, SD - Peer Comparisons by Rank and Percentile

The table below compares Buffalo to the other 485 incorporated cities, towns and CDPs in South Dakota by rank and percentile using July 1, 2025 data. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. A location that ranks higher than 75% of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group.

Variable Description Rank Percentile
Total Population # 180 63rd
Population Density # 168 66th
Median Household Income # 264 46th
Housing Affordability Index # 415 86th
Per Capita Income # 160 67th
Diversity Index # 183 62nd

Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE South Dakota Census Data Comparison Tool.

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